Because housing affordability has proven to be an ongoing challenge in the United States, there is renewed interest in European-style social housing. While the German, Swiss…
This paper is the second part of a study on the Dutch social housing system. The first paper traced the history of the system. Nonprofit housing associations (called…
Social housing makes up 29 percent of the total housing stock in the Netherlands. These social units, which in 2022 rented for an average of €560 per month (or about $600),…
Social housing makes up 29 percent of the total housing stock in the Netherlands. While the definition of “social housing” has changed over the last 120 years, as of 2022 it…
Eric Belsky, Nicolas Retsinas, Mark Duda
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September 9, 2005
W05-9: Efforts to promote low-income homeownership have intensified over the past ten years. Under both regulatory and market pressures, the mortgage finance industry…
Mark Duda, Xiulan Zhang, Mingzhu Dong
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July 1, 2005
W05-7: The paper uses data from a household survey in Beijing to explore the impact of China’s two primary homeownership-oriented housing policies: the Housing Provident…
William Apgar, Allegra Calder, J. Michael Collins, Mark Duda
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November 30, 2002
W02-11: This paper explores advantages and disadvantages of manufactured housing for those entities whose mission is community development and asset building. Several…
The U.S. Congress passed the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) in 1977 to encourage depository institutions to meet the credit needs of lower income neighborhoods. The CRA was…
Despite an unprecedented boom in homeownership that added seven million net new owners between 1994 and 1999 and drove the homeownership rate nearly three percentage points…
